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                  <text>JOE (Audera) DURAN
Jose Rosario Duran was born July 24, 1907, at Perdenales, Chihuahua, Mexico. The
town of Perdenales sits in the Sierra Madre Range in the west part of Chihuahua. Jose
has little memory of his life there. His father, Flores Alfonso Audera, died when Joe was
an infant. This was followed by the death of his mother, Frances, in 1915 when Joe was
8. It is a matter of speculation what would have become of Joe if he had spent the
remainder of his life in Mexico. However, when his aunt and uncle, the Du rans, who lived
in Encinada, New Mexico, heard about their sisters death, they decided to go see about
the family. What they found was little Jose, 8 years old, in need of a new father and
mother. They brought him home with them and changed his name Audera to Duran.

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"My uncle, Rosario Duran, was a black smith. As soon as I was old enough, he began to
teach me some of the trade. My aunt Dolores Duran died when I was 11 . Soon after this
my uncle sold out and moved to Edith, Colorado. I never went to school even one day.
There was always too much work to do. At the age 14 I began herding sheep for Felix
Garcia, then later on for Charley Red. "Once in a while we had trouble with bears
attacking the sheep and would have to go on a bear hunt." Jose and his wife had 6
children. "They are Miguel and Arturo who live in Ogden, Utah; Juanita and Rumaldo
who live in Albuquerque; Mary Montoya who lives in Blanco and Rosa who lives in
Chama, New Mexico. Between jobs with the sheep herding, Joe worked in Harry Smith's
sawmill in Lumberton.
In 1944, even though Joe was 37 years old, he decided-to join the army. The war was
still going strong. Joe was sent to the Pacific and spent time in Hawaii, and .the
Philippines and Japan. After 7 years he came home to Edith, which he used as home
base for the next 11 years.
In 1962 Joe sold his' farm at Edith, moved to Pagosa and worked for San Juan Lumber
until he retired. In the spring of this year he rented one of the apartments in the Senior
Center in Ignacio where he has proved to be one of the best gardeners in La Plata
County. Two years ago Joe got to return to see his relatives in Perdenales, Mexico. Joe
looked at the dry mountains surrounding the town and wondered how different his life
would have been if his aunt and uncle had not arrived in 1915.

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October, 1978 -- SHELBY SMITH

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                <text>1973-1980</text>
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                <text>Collection of biographies, predominantly of residents from the Ignacio Senior Center, based on interviews conducted by Shelby Smith from approximately 1973 to 1980. The abridged interviews were originally published as individual entries in The Thoughtful Years newsletter, published by the Ignacio Senior Center, beginning in 1973. They were later published as a whole in Smith's book: Oral Histories of the Southern Pine River Valley, from which the original scans in this collection have been derived.</text>
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