22 10 216 https://voicesofignacio.cvlcollections.org/files/original/87f1b0aac833288a878c0fbda430424d.pdf 8f4a4823eb19e03b7e5f618d34bd0dcc PDF Text Text ~ ~ ' ' ' ' ' , , , ) ) ) ) ' -) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) J _) __) ...) J J J J ._) ..) ._) ._) ._) TOM and ESTEFANITA (Rodriguez) GARCIA Jose Francisco Tomas Garcia came running along the ditch, then plopped onto his stomach under a pinon tree to watch the ditch water pound the waterwheel slowly and relentlessly round and round. Tiny boats made of wood shavings and sticks glided along in grand disregard for their danger, bounced down the waterwheel and disinterested in the churning pool. At nine years of age Tomas was old enough to give his grandfather some help in the flour mill, but like today there were slack times, too. Time to sail boats, time to watch clouds in the blue New Mexico sky and time to listen to the wind in the junipers. Today the hot weather sound of grasshoppers singing accompanied the measured splashing of the wheel, and underlying all was the steady, patient, low monotone of stone turning upon stone. Tomas and his mother, Nepomucena, divided their time between Grandfather Garcia's farm and flour mill and Grandfather Montoya's ranch near Espanola. Tom's father came home as often as he could, but worked on a ranch in the Animas Valley just below the Waterfall Ranch. Tomas, the first of seven children, was born October 4, 1880, at Mesilla, New Mexico. He was nine when he started to school. Everyone, including the teachers spoke Spanish. "We didn't have shows or ball games, but we played with tops, made our own bows and arrows and shot some good marble games." On his tenth birthday, Tom got a present he still remembers. While attempting to hitch a couple of horses to a wagon, he received a severe kick in the head. The blow was stunning and painful, but no permanent injury was done, except for a mark still visible on his forehead. Tom watched the horses more closely after that. Some of the most exciting days of the year during Tom's boyhood were the days of the cock races. A rooster, the target of the race, would be buried in loose earth with only its head and neck exposed. Two teams of horseman, or horsewomen, would line up at the starting point and ride off like thunder at the shot of a gun. Members of each team would lean precariously f rom their saddles attempting to grab the chicken and uproot it from the earth as they rode by in full gallop. Sometimes several passes were required with much jostling and shoving between the teams before either succeeded. Once the rooster was in hand the team possessing it attempted to ride to a designated goal and back to the starting line. The rooster, squawking and kicking, usually changed hands many times being captured and recaptured by each team in a wild, horseback free-for-all. If eyes were blackened, horses were tripped and grand fist fights broke out, that's what was expected. Spectators took a frantic interest in the outcome partly because it was an exciting sport and partly because betting on the winner assumed high stakes. Most of the time there would be a women's race and then a men's race. In the evening the losing teams were required to sponsor a dance and reception with refreshments for the winners . Tom says the last cock race he recalls took place about 1900 in New Mexico. In the summer of 1890 Tom's father, Jose, moved his family to the Animas Valley north of Durango. Tom was promptly hired to operate the horse drawn hay-baler, even though he was only 10 years old. For two years Tom went to school in Durango and learned a lot of English . ._) J ._) .J J 59 �By 1893 Tom's father had saved enough money to buy farmland near Blanco. Tom took great pride in acquiring his own pony at this time and had fun playing Spanish Explorer in the hills. In 1905 when Tom came to the Pine River Valley to visit his cousin, he did not plan to make his home here. No town existed. All that was here at the lime was the train depot, a few homes of Tribal Members, the Indian Agency and the trading post where Tom's cousin worked. While Tom was here, one of the employees at the post quit and the Hall brothers gave Tom the job of clerking and delivering. The two Hall brothers who owned the trading post lived at home with their mother. One of them was never married and the other was a widower with several children. Employed to care for the family, keep house and cook was a young lady named Estefanita Rodriquez. Estefanita was small, quick, efficient and very pretty. Since Tom was assigned to milk the cow for the family and lo eat his meals with the Halls, he met Estefanila over the milk pail and quickly acquired a taste for her cooking. "We got acquainted pretty fast," Tom admits. They were married in 1906. Tom continued to work at the post for a while; then they moved to Bayfield where he got a job with the Postal Service delivering sacks of bulk mail from the Ignacio Depot to Bayfield and then from Bayfield back to Ignacio. "There weren't any roads then, just trails. I drove a spring wagon along a trail by Buckskin Charlie's place." Tom liked his job because he got to keep on the move and meet people, but when Hans Aspaas bought the Agency Store, Tom went back to work in his old job. The Halls had bought John Taylor's land located between the present day Bank of Ignacio and the Catholic Church. Aspaas bought a large piece of land south of the bank and together they started platting the town of Ignacio. Tom and Estefanita worked hard and saved their money till in 1913 they hired Mr. Manzanares to build a house for them. Tom's house was one of the first large homes built in Ignacio. Due to its thick adobe and solid wood construction, the house is still sturdy and attractive. Of their eight children, five were boys and three were girls. Filbert died at the age of eighteen. All the others survive. From 1922 to 1940 Tom rented a farm 2 miles east of town. He raised wheat and hay and kept a few cattle. During those years Tom got involved in politics. "I liked it. I worked for the Democrats," Tom said. He took an active part in campaigns, contacted and influenced people and made many speeches for the candidates he thought were good people. The large adobe building on Goddard Avenue, presently used as the school repair shop, was built by Ignacio members of S.P.M.D.T.U. Tom recalls with a laugh that those six letters appeared in large size across the front of the building and that some local residents would sometimes tell strangers they meant "Some Poor Mexicans Die Tied Up". Actually, S.P.M.D.T.U. stands for the Sociadad Protectora Mexicana de Travajadores Unidos, a lodge devoted to protecting and improving the working conditions of Mexican-Americans. Tom as an active member occasionally traveled to Alamosa for regional meetings. For many years their building was used by various groups for meetings, parties and dances and otherwise served as the major social center in town. Estefanita's house and yard were always showplaces of flowers. She grew every kind of fruit and vegetable she could crowd into her garden. She sold eggs, produce and cream. 60 �,, ., ,, ., J J J , , ) ) J ) ) ) ) ) ) Both Garcias were hardworking all their lives. They provided well for their family and encouraged them to get as much education as possible. In spite of the obligations of a large family and a lifetime of hard work, Tom and Estefanita were aware of the needs of Their neighbors. Those who know them remark that the Garcias always remembered the poor and offered help wherever grief or sickness or trouble occurred. Estefanita suffered several periods of Illnesses during the summer and fall of 1973. She died in mid December. Today when Tom has visitors, he may get a mischievous look in his eye and inform them that the happiest hours of his life were spent in the arms of another man's wife. Before his guests are too shocked he explains that he's talking about his mother. Tom is now 93, looking for his 94th birthday in October. 'He doesn't get around too well now, but his mind is alert and his memory is good, especially regarding the distant past. When the days get warmer, Tom will spend many hours in the sun on his porch enjoying his life on that day and remembering the good and the bad, the grief and the joys, the mistakes and the successes of 93 years. If you're going that way and can stop for a few minutes, he will enjoy your visit, but more than that, you may learn a thing or two. ) March, 1974 -- Shelby Smith ) ) ) } ) _) ) ) .J ) ...) ...) .J ...) .,_) J -...J _; J -...J -...J .J .J ._) 61 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shelby Smith Interviews Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-NC/1.0/?language=en Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1973-1980 Subject The topic of the resource Ignacio; Southwest Colorado Description An account of the resource Collection of biographies, predominantly of residents from the Ignacio Senior Center, based on interviews conducted by Shelby Smith from approximately 1973 to 1980. The abridged interviews were originally published as individual entries in The Thoughtful Years newsletter, published by the Ignacio Senior Center, beginning in 1973. They were later published as a whole in Smith's book: Oral Histories of the Southern Pine River Valley, from which the original scans in this collection have been derived. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smith, Shelby Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tom Garcia and Estefanita (Rodriguez) Garcia Biography Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1974-03 Subject The topic of the resource Garcia, Tom; Garcia, Estefanita (Rodriguez); Ignacio, Colorado; Southwest Colorado Description An account of the resource Biography of Tom Garcia and Estefanita (Rodriguez) Garcia based on an interview conducted by Shelby Smith. Originally included in the March, 1974 issue of "The Thoughtful Years" newsletter published by the Ignacio Senior Center. Later included in the book "Oral Histories of the Southern Pine River Valley" by Shelby Smith. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Ignacio, Colorado; Southwest Colorado Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Garcia, Tom; Garcia, Estefanita (Rodriguez) Extent The size or duration of the resource. 3 pages Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smith, Shelby https://voicesofignacio.cvlcollections.org/files/original/bbc6cc8155e464c5f9dcc8e68b1791b1.pdf 43de4c87ca2cdf6c90d7bdd8ecc4ad9b PDF Text Text Tom Wiseman (Abridged) My full name is William Thomas Wiseman. I was born in Durango at Mercy Hospital in November 1930. My mother was Margaret Summers Wiseman; her maiden name was Bowman. Her father, Thomas E. Bowman, came over Stony Pass into Silverton in 1874. He was a young Civil War veteran, and a recent graduate of the University of Wisconsin in metallurgy. He had acquired a job as a teacher at Colorado College, but coming west he had become interested in the gold fever. He became associated with the people named Greene, who brought the first smelter into Silverton, CO. He was later on the Town Board in Silverton, and later on after many years moved to Durango when the Silverton smelter became less efficient. He married my grandmother, Etta Louisa Bowman, in 1881 I believe it was. He was 20 years older than she. They later had a son named William Bowman and a daughter named Lena Bowman in 1891 and 1894. And then my mother, a late life child, came along surprisingly in 1905. So, that accounts for me, at my tender age of 73, having a grandfather who was in the Civil War and not a greatgrandfather. He passed away about seven years before I was born, so I never got to know him although I know a lot about him. My father was born in Pagosa Junction, CO; where his father in 1904 was working for the railroad. Apparently the family was living there while he worked construction, and previously my grandfather had homesteaded far southeast of Bayfield on what is now called New Creek. Later, after my dad's parents divorced, he, his brother Barney and my grandmother Lula moved to Durango; where my dad went to work at the age of 14. After her finishing the eighth grade in Bayfield schools, my mom and he met in Durango and married in 1927. Having worked in several different areas in Durango, he was at this time working at a firm called the Durango Hardware Company; which was located on the 900 block of Main in Durango. He became acquainted with a wholesale hardware salesman, who told him about an opportunity to manage a store in Ignacio. The store being named HC. Biggs and Company; which was a hardware, lumber, farm implement and feed dealer at the time. Dad must have been only 25 or something at the time, so he came out here, stayed at the local commercial hotel, and worked for Mr. Biggs for some time. A few months later, he moved his family to Ignacio. The Biggs family moved to Grand Junction at this time. So, I was two years old when we moved to Ignacio. I virtually grew up in the hardware store. Much of my time off was spent there- it seemed to be a fun place to be. Later on, went to school here in Ignacio through the ninth grade. At this time and in previous years, kids from Ignacio went to Durango to finish high school. And, at this time, in the late 40s, had lost its accreditation: due to the war the enrollment at the school was very, very low. I graduated from Durango High School in 1948, entered the University of Denver that Fall, and graduated from there in 1952. When I first went to Denver, to school, I felt that I really wanted to get into the big time, was not much interested in coming back to this part of the country. At that time, most kids my age kind of wanted to leave the area for bigger opportunities. But, most of my acquaintances at �Page 2 of6 Denver University were older than I. They were mostly World War II veterans. They seemed to be delighted in the mountains, the scenery. Most of them were from back East and the Midwest. After a year or two I started looking around and thinking more carefully that I had mountains out my front door window everyday. I slowly realized that this was my home and would be so. In 1954, while working with my father (by all this time through school and after school), I met and married a girl from Bayfield named Beverly Moberly. We had three children: Gretchen, born in 1956; Loretta, born in 1957; and Larry, born in 1959. Throughout all of these years I was active in all conceivable local service organizations: Kiwanis Clubs, Lions Clubs, various committees with the Southern Ute Tribe, I was involved on the Town Board through several contentious years as a board member and mayor pro tern. I was involved in things like trying to save the old Ignacio Chieftain newspaper. I have always been hopeful that somehow a museum could be built in this area to commemorate the unusual history of this young, strangely versatile town. In 1976 my father died, in 1979 my mother died. In the meantime, in 1968, I had purchased the entirety of the hardware store from my dad, and he retired happily after that. But, he did work some in the hardware store at his and my convenience and desire-we were always good friends, the best. In 1981-82, I divorced my wife. She moved to Durango, the kids by this time were all over the age of 21 and were scattered throughout the country. Six years later, I went to a high school class reunion, where I re-met my old girl that I had dated in high school named Paula. We married in 1988. She is practically a Durango native, at least she's a Colorado native (having been born in Durango). I don't consider myself to be such an unusual character, but boy have I met a lot of them. The pioneers of this town are underreported I believe. For example, Hans Aspas; who as an infant (aged one and a half years), was carried by his mother over Stony Pass into Silverton at about the same time that my grandfather arrived there. His father had been an officer in the Norwegian army. Harold Payne and many of the old, old timers that I didn't know, but who were terrific strong, solid people. Joe Velasquez, many, many Southern Utes- Julius Cloud, Julian Baker- we're all acquaintances. Did business with them, was friends with them. To many it would have been an uneventful life; to me it's very colorful. My children love this area. They have mixed emotions about their childhood, but as they grow and mature I think they realize their acquaintance the Southern Ute tribal members, the Navajo tribal members whom they went to school with when the schools were integrated (the public schools and the Indian school). They're Spanish-American friends have given them a broad diversity, an understanding and comfort with, I believe, other races and people of other beliefs and values. *** I've essentially lived on this street all my life. When we first moved to Ignacio, the Biggs house; which is on the 500 block of Browning Ave. (where Jesse Hott now lives), was our house until 1935 when my father bought the little house across the street here [455 Browning Ave.]; which at one time was 470 Browning Ave. Then, after I married, I bought the house two doors north on that side of the street [east side]; which at that time was 440 Browning Ave. �Page 3 of6 In 1977 or '78, the house where I live now, presently, (455 Browning Ave.) came up for sale and I bought it, having always enjoyed and liked the house. We spent a great deal of money overhauling, remodeling, and adding rooms upstairs to the house. This house was built by the person who owned the local lumberyard; which was at that time known as Ignacio Lumber Co. Circa 1916 or '17, it was sold to the Biggs family, who were part ofa big lumber operation out of Chama, and also with family connections in Grand Junction. The store was owned and operated by Homer Biggs- Homer C. Biggs (the 'C.' stands for Copeland, I believe). They had three children, one of whom was named Homer Biggs, Jr. They went to school here. The Historical Society now has pictures, early class pictures, including 'Joe' Biggs- his nickname was 'Joe' to his family. He later, during the early part of World War II, left Colorado College and became an Army Air Force cadet. He learned to fly in Phoenix, at Luke Field I believe it was. Went into B-17 training. In May of 1943, his bomber was shot down over France and he did not survive. Among other tons of pictures that I have, I have a picture of that flight crew. I'm deeply interested in the success of the Historical Society. And, I hope that somehow, someday a facility can be acquired, or participated in, where so many pictures and records of archives can be safely preserved for the future. This community has always been a rather cosmopolitan community, because of the original Bureau of Indian Affairs/Dept. of the Interior school system here mainly for Navajo kids. The school existed from what must have been the 1920s to about 1970. The many oil and gas interests that have had staff located here, the wide diversity of teaching talent, there's been quite a variety from all over the country. My own background, for example: My grandfather (my mother's father) came from Wisconsin-born there a year and half after his mother migrated from England to Wisconsin. Her mother [Tom's mother's mother], Edna Louis Bowman, was born in Ohio, and came out here to stay with an elder sister; who was married to a Methodist minister in Durango, in the 1880' s. My father's father came out here from North Carolina, from the mountains of NC to homestead. And his wife, my grandmother, also came from the mountains of North Carolina. So, we have our own eastern 'roots'. I was an only child. There were two other attempts: one before me and one after me, both were unsuccessful. My mother was born on December 1905 at home in Durango at 760 3rd Avenue. The house is still there. It's for sale. You could snab it up for about $450,000, I think, right now. My grandfather Bowman owned quite a bit of property in Durango at one time. The Silver Panic of 1892-93 apparently put him on his 'uppers' for several years, but he did open a bookshop and a stationary store circa 760 Main Ave. (in the same building that is the Seasons Restaurant today). I have pictures of it, and it still has the same ceiling I think. He ran that store until he died in 1923. He died during his lunch hour at home. I've learned more about my grandfather, T.E. Bowman, from books written by Allen Nossaman; who wrote an incredible history of Silverton, CO. Allen has come to this house. I've furnished him with pictures of my granddad. His three volumes that he's published so far on Silverton are extremely detailed. Much is derived from newspapers and courthouse records, land records and family photographs. And, I think I know more about my grandfather's history than my mother did through the efforts of Allen Nossaman. My grandfather, he was in the Civil War. He was very young, of course: he was born in 1846 and the war started in '61. He enlisted in 1864, in the spring, with a volunteer Wisconsin �Page 4 of6 infantry battalion. He was underage. He allegedly lied about his age and said he was over 16. He eased his conscience by writing on a piece of paper that he was 16 putting it in his shoe, and swearing that he was 16. I have pictures of him in his uniform, which was way too large. But, he served as a drummer boy. At the end of his enlistment he reenlisted in an artillery outfit in late '64. He served primarily around Washington, D.C. I don't think he was in any major battles. But he was a member of the Durango chapter of the Grand Army of the Republic-the G.A.R. I think he was one of the founding officers of it. When he died, my grandmother applied for and received a Civil War pension. It wasn't very much, maybe $12 a month or something like that. After getting out of the Army he literally had to be adopted by an uncle named 'Bowman'. My grandfather's birth name was Thomas Merritt Dibley. Now, 'Dibley' somehow disappeared from the picture, and left my granddad's mother's side. In his early life he married a girl named Josephine Standish in Wisconsin; who is purported to be a relative of Miles Standish. They moved to Silverton. She taught school there. They spent some winters in Denver, some time in Denver. This was after the train was completed, and in those days it was not hard to get to Denver: grab the train in Silverton to Durango, through Ignacio, Pagosa, Chama, Alamosa, and onto the main standard gauge up to Denver. So, people got around a lot more quickly than people realize. She caught Scarlet Fever in Denver, and died I believe on Christmas Day circa 1889. He buried her in the Riverside Cemetery in Denver; which at that time was quite a nice cemetery at that time. She's buried about 30 ft. from Augusta Taber (who was the first wife ofH.A.W. Taber-one of the silver kings of CO). Strangely when she died, my grandfather bought four cemetery plots. I have the deed for them today, and I'm guessing that they're still valid. In case anyone needs cemetery plots in Riverside Cemetery, I can furnish three more. After moving to Durango, he was in the First Baptist Church he and my grandmother, I think, met at some choir function around 1890. Her name was Etta Louisa Summers. He was the master of the local Masonic Lodge #46; he was about the eighth master of that lodge. My grandfather Wiseman, on the other hand, moved to Denver after his divorce. Built a house there and worked for the railroad as a master carpenter. He worked in D. & R. G. [Denver and Rio Grande] shops for the rest of his life. He died in 1945. I went deer hunting with him once. Two or three months before he died he was down here visiting us. We have since visited some of our 'roots' in North Carolina. My father worked for H.C. Biggs and Company here in Ignacio. Later, in 1940, he bought out a fourth of it, and in 1950 bought the rest of it. He changed the name to 'Wiseman Hardware and Lumber Co.', and that's what it remained until I sold it to Glenn Walker in 1992. Walker subsequently changed it to 'Walker's True Value', and moved down south of town and built a new hardware store. *** The reason my grandmother [Etta Louisa] came to CO was that her older sister (Kate Summers) was living in Durango. Her husband was a Methodist minister. My grandmother had �Page 5 of6 become enchanted with a musician in Shelby, Ohio. Her father [Daniel B. Summers] wanted to get her out of that influence, and so decided to send her to CO. *** I studied Business Administration at the University of Denver. BS/BA I think is what my degree said: Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. We sold everything except groceries: tractors, mowing machines, washing machines, various name brands, sold all. *** My oldest daughter is married to David Germer, whom she met at school in Denver. They were married in 1976. He was a graduate of Colorado School of Mines. He had come :from Pennsylvania to go to school at Mines, took a look at the mountains and never looked back. His career took them to Alaska, where they've lived for about 15 years. My other daughter (my middle child, my youngest daughter), Loretta, married a fellow from Florence, CO whom she met at school in Canyon City. He graduated from UNC (University of Northern Colorado at Fort Collins) as a mechanical engineer, and now works at power plant operations in Wyoming. Neither grandchild grew up here [in Ignacio], and none of the four [grandchildren] has spent much time here. *** Lots and lots of stories, good heavens. The people I have known here, in Ignacio, are some of the most colorful. Some of the stories ... For example, the young lady in the late 30s who was a teacher here, and who married a young man a southern town in CO. He went off to war, she moved to California during the early part of the war with their child. She met a fellow named Gimbal, and the rest is history. She sent off a 'Dear John' letter to her husband, and said Mr. Gimbal is the light of my life. (Of course, his $60 million bank account helped.) Little stories like that. Stories of making the movie Around the World in 80 Days [in Ignacio] ... fascinating. Some of the Historical Society's photos now show some of that filming done. Paul Harvey doing his great radio show from here-a lot of people don't even know that ever happened. That in itself could fill at least four chapters in a local history book. *** M.M.: "What are your views on the current [presidential] administration, and our actions in Iraq?" T.W.: "I think that we're doing exactly the right thing. Those who don't remember World War II, and I wasn't in it (I was too young, I was 11 when Pearl Harbor happened), forget a fellow named Neville Chamberlain who was trying to make peace with Hitler. He said, after meeting with Hitler and before Hitler invaded Poland, 'Peace in our time, to Hitler marches all.' They forget what was not done to stop the Nazis, during WW II, from slaughtering for their [the Jews'] teeth, for their fillings in their teeth. We forget that we were the ones who said, 'Damn the torpedoes!' a couple hundred years ago. Or, the �Page 6 of6 people who said, during WW II, 'Praise the Lord, and pass the ammunition!' We're the ones who sent 20 year olds over to England to fly bombers in WW II, and now most 20 year olds couldn't find the bathroom if you didn't hold their hand to it, in my personal estimation. Am I bitter? Yeah. Angry? Yeah." M.M.: "What are you bitter about?" T.W.: "I'm bitter about these people that don't realize how many of their parents and grandparents, previous generations, who fought and died and killed so that they could spend the last 20-30 years lofting along having no problems at all, except to complain about the price of cigarettes. *** Calvin Coolidge, who was president in the late 20s, said, 'the business of America is business.' Doesn't that sound terrible [sarcastically]? That which makes profits and things like that? You know, 'profits' is not a four-letter word, surprisingly. But, look at what has happened in China. 20 years ago, in the streets of China, all you would have seen were padded olive drab uniforms walking around with glassy eyes. Now, after the cold-hearted glance of capitalism started to show, and the individual is able now to see that he came make himself and his family more comfortable, healthier, is happy. It's even happening in Vietnam. Business: the horrible word [said sarcastically]. Interviewed by Michael G. Miller, VISTA volunteer, for the Ignacio Historical Society. December 18, 2003 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Michael Miller Interviews Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/ Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2003-2004 Subject The topic of the resource Ignacio, Colorado; Southwest Colorado Description An account of the resource Collection of twelve biographies written by VISTA worker Michael G. Miller of prominent people in the Ignacio community. Based on interviews conducted by Miller between December 9, 2003 and March 15, 2004. Some contain the additional attribution "for the Ignacio Historical Society." Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Ignacio, Colorado; Southwest Colorado Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Miller, Michael G. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tom Wiseman Biography Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2003-12-18 Subject The topic of the resource Wiseman, Tom; Ignacio, Colorado; Southwest Colorado Description An account of the resource Biography of Tom Wiseman written by VISTA worker Michael Miller and based on an interview conducted by Miller on December 18, 2003. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Ignacio, Colorado; Southwest Colorado Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wiseman, Tom Extent The size or duration of the resource. 6 pages https://voicesofignacio.cvlcollections.org/files/original/583e611da9675ac47f38d96afbf54c59.jpg 9eead35bde0c210dc6cccbc9255e1598 https://voicesofignacio.cvlcollections.org/files/original/709e33acc8481e8faf4d10235c6522a2.mp3 ef50f71b30221103e55a42c3e1e4403c https://voicesofignacio.cvlcollections.org/files/original/6cd9fb6e350744a2a17be08a0f1f2092.pdf 7e9d079ac6d3d9caaf4405c8f0927640 PDF Text Text Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 My name is Liz Wheelock and I am conducting an interview for the Ignacio oral history project entitled Voices of Ignacio, at the Ignacio Community Library on Thursday, May 19, 2016. I have with me a local member of the community and she has graciously permitted me to interview her. Please tell me your name, your birthdate, and how you came to be in Ignacio. Campbell: I am Linda Campbell, my birthdate is 3/29/42, and I moved to Ignacio in 1978. How we came here? I was born and raised in Montrose, Colorado. Grew up on a sheep ranch, my dad was a sheep rancher in Montrose and our ranch was in Cimarron, Colorado. I grew up living in the summer up in our ranch in Cimarron which was twenty-one miles from Montrose and then living in Montrose during the winter months. So would ride the school bus when we got to school age we’d ride the school bus in the fall until we moved down after hunting season is usually when my folks moved back to Montrose. Went through all the grades of school. Dropped out of kindergarten because I couldn’t stand the naps. (laughs) Outside of that, went straight through. Went to Western State College when I graduated from high school. Did my student teaching in Montrose at the junior high there which was really great because all of the teachers that I’d had when I was in junior high and I was their peer. It was probably one of the most fun times of teaching in my career. Well, no, not the most, but it was a great experience. Then my friend that was teaching there at the time in Montrose had graduated, she and her roommate had graduated from CSU and they had worked at Lake Tahoe the summer before and so she talked me into going out to Lake Tahoe. Wheelock: How old were you at this time? Campbell: Just graduated from college so twenty-two. She had her job at Lake Tahoe at Harrah’s club because she had worked there the summer before but we had no teaching jobs so we just thought, we’re going to wing it. (laughs) So we went all the way to California and I had a little black Volkswagen. She said when we move to California what you have to do is get a flower for your antenna because the parking lot at Harrah’s club at Lake Tahoe is bigger than the whole town of Montrose. There’s more cars than the whole town of Montrose. So I got a columbine and I had my little black Volkswagen and she had a Camaro, I can’t remember what kind of flower she had. So we drove to Lake Tahoe without any jobs, well 1 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 she had a job, I didn’t have any jobs, and had not a worry in the world. We thought we could always sell pencils on the corner if we had to. We could do it. The first night I got there, because basically I have never drank in my life and Western had a three-two bar, which was the Rambling Inn and I used to go out there but I never ever drank, and so when I first walked into Harrah’s club it was so far beyond what I ever imagined. People were gambling people were drinking, people were…you know and I thought, Oh my God! What did I get myself into? So then the next day, because she was the keno writer, Barb, and the next day I went to apply for a job and they had it was the back of the parking lot and there was just like a window back there and a whole huge line where people would just walk up and so you could tell… Wheelock: To apply? Campbell: Yeah, to apply because in the summer they hired 3,000 people and most of them were just graduated from college or first year teachers or for summer jobs. That was my first opportunity to apply for a job so as I was standing in this line you could hear what they were saying to two and three people in front of you and I remember the one person was a guy and they said, he had acne pretty bad I guess, and they said, “You cannot work at the front, we’ll have to put you somewhere in the back.” And then there was a lady a couple in front of my and they said, “Go lose ten pounds and then come back.” And I thought, “Oh shit!” I didn’t know it was going to be this hard. So then I get up there and they said, “Dealer school.” So I went to blackjack dealing school. You went for five days but in the mean time before it started we drove down to Sacramento where Barb’s roommate all through college lived to apply for jobs in the San Juan school district in Carmicle, California which is a suburb of Sacramento. So we got our teaching jobs right off. I was at La Sierra high school and she was at San Juan high school. At that time San Juan school district was the second largest in the state of California so there were ten high schools with 2,000 kids in each. It was big. Wheelock: It was high school that you got a job. Campbell: I got a job teaching P.E in California. We got an apartment right away. Everything just like…not a worry in the world, right? (laughs) Life just falls into place. We taught at different schools and then I kept my job at…oh and then we went back down to Lake Tahoe 2 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 for work during the summer dealing. Dealing school. That was pretty much an experience for me. You definitely know how to count to twenty-one in every way you can possibly do it. You went to school for five days. Three days you were in a class learning how to do it and then the fourth day you went out and just observed a dealer on the floor and then the fifth day you were that dealer and another person was with you and then after that… Wheelock: You were on your own? Campbell: You were on your own. It was a great experience then what took us down to Sacramento in between and got our teaching jobs. Worked all summer at Lake Tahoe as a blackjack dealer and then during the school year when school started I still worked at Tahoe. I’d drive up on weekends to Lake Tahoe from Sacramento. Wheelock: How long was the drive? Campbell: It was probably ninety miles or something. I had a little black Volkswagen and I would only fill it with gas once a week. Drove to school every day and then go to Tahoe and back and it would go and it cost me like five dollars or something for gas. I think gas was pretty… Wheelock: Twenty-eight cents. Campbell: Twenty-eight, twenty-nine cents. And you got blue chip stamps and (laughs) all of that stuff. Then after that Ben, my husband-to-be, he had gotten back from the Olympic games because the Tokyo Olympics in ’64 and so he was teaching, so this was in 1965 I guess, and so he was teaching in the San Juan school district and he was teaching adaptive P.E. at that time. So he went to all of the different high schools. He was giving a class for teachers, mainly for P.E. teachers to Judo, to teach them how to instruct Judo because he wanted it in the curriculum as an activity, a P.E. activity in the district. My roommate, who was a Home Ec. Major, she said, “Let’s take that class. Find out if he’ll let me go because I’m home ec. So we can go back to Montrose and flip people.” Because nobody had ever taken Judo in Montrose. I ask him and he said, “Yeah, that would be fine.” Then we took the class. First thing he did was totally insult me like he said, “Okay, if you’re as big as Linda you’ll take a size five Judo gi.” I looked and I said, “What?” And he said, “I mean as tall!” So one thing after another and then he had a friend there and so they decided they wanted to ask Barb and me out so 3 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 they flipped a coin to see which one. (laughs) Anyway, time went on and Ben and I got together and dated for three months and he had Judo camps up in Squaw Valley, California that summer and we dated three months and got married. We’re still married today so that’s pretty amazing. Wheelock: You knew right away. Campbell: Yeah, I guess. Wheelock: Now did you still have your teaching job after this? Campbell: Oh yeah. I was teaching at La Sierra high school. Taught for four years, I think it was, there and then I got pregnant with Colin our son and had him out in California. When ben and I first got married he had the Judo club and it was on Jackson road in Sacramento so we had a trailer that we lived in right behind the judo club and then I’d drive to work. In fact, we’d drive together and then he’d pick me up or whatever after school. We went to different schools. Wheelock: So did you have a big wedding? Campbell: Oh no, we got married at Park’s Wedding Chapel in Reno Nevada and we weren’t even sure it was legal. (laughs) Wheelock: Did your parents come? How did your parents take this? Campbell: We were at Judo camp up at Lake Tahoe that summer in august, I think. We started dating, I guess it must have been about may or something and one day he had me go up to camp with them to take care of all the records and stuff of all the people that enrolled into the camp and worked and so and then one day he just said, “Go call your dad and tell him we’re getting married.” I said, “What?” Very romantic. Wheelock: It did it for you. Campbell: It did it for me. So basically, I mean, I was totally fine not having a wedding because the summer before my sister had gotten married and all I heard all summer long was wedding plans, wedding plans, wedding plans just for…and then my best friend at that time got married that fall when I was, well it was still when I was still in college, and all I heard all fall was wedding plans, wedding plans, and I thought, “Oh I never want to go through that!” So I didn’t. Then we decided we’d come back to Colorado and we came back to Colorado and I got a job teaching GED through the Win program in 4 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 Montrose. Ben had a hard time finding a job there in Montrose because, I don’t know, he wasn’t…So he decided he was going to go back to California and get a teaching job. He was there maybe six months or something then he went back and I stayed and I had Shannon, because Colin and Shannon are just a year apart in age. Shannon was born in Montrose and Colin was born in Sacramento. Then, after the end of the school year, Ben had gotten a job teaching in Allgrove, California. I finished teaching that year in Montrose the GED program and then went to…back to California. Wheelock: With two little ones. Campbell: With two little ones. They were like twins all the time. Then we bought a place, I said, “Well I want to live on Sheldon road in Allgrove if I move back.” So he found… Wheelock: Why? Campbell: Because it was a horsey place and I’ve always had horses, I’ve always ridden horses and had horses, you know a ranch and I just wanted and I don’t know it was like out in the country. At that time, it was zoned A2 it was…It could only be divided into two acres was the smallest acreage you could buy. A lot of big dairies and horse ranches and stuff so that’s where we lived for the next, I think, ten years. I think it was…the kids, they were second and third grade when we moved back here and Ben just decided it was right after proposition thirteen went through and passed California and they were letting - proposition thirteen was cutting back on property tax because property tax and stuff were so high and then what happened was the crime rate went way up because there were so many drugs and whatever in California it got…and we decided… Wheelock: Now did you work then, during that time also? Campbell: Yeah, at Allgrove High school. Wheelock: So you went back there again. P.E.? Campbell: Yeah. So I taught P.E. then GED and then back to P.E. and then one day he said, “We need to get out of here while the kids are little because you can’t take kids away from California when they get in high school. It’s not fair to them. So if you’re going to move you got to move while they’re young enough.” So I said, “Okay. You go find a place and I will take care.” Because we had a ranch there and we had raised horses, raised quarter horses so we rode all the time 5 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 and did all of this. Ben was working at the school district and then he was working for the sheriff’s office at night and then he got back into doing jewelry then so he was working like three jobs. Wheelock: What about his judo? Campbell: He still coached the armed forces team and stuff when we were in Allgrove. It just kind of phased out of Judo, you know. It had just been a part of his life for so long that and that’s when he really got back into doing jewelry. I said, “You just go and find a place.” So he was headed to Codey, Wyoming and I said, “Well at least just look at Durango.” Because it would be just right across the mountain from my folks and my family and so we’d be close enough where I could go and, you know. He went to Santa Fe, no he went to intertribal, Gallup intertribal, and then there was two weeks in between it and Santa Fe Indian market and he had a trailer with his shop set up in this trailer and he met Jimmy Keen, that lived in Ignacio and who was a jeweler at intertribal and he said, “Do you want to just come up and stay in that area for a while and look around between it and Santa Fe Indian market instead of going, you know. So Ben did. He got to Ignacio and the tribe, when they found out he was there, they wanted him to run Sky Ute Downs horse center and so Ben said, “Well I’m in Ignacio, Colorado.” And I said, “Where in the world is Ignacio?” I had never heard of it and I’d lived in Colorado all my life. I said, “Okay.” This is in 1977, when he came back. So then Colin came back with him later… Wheelock: In third grade. Yeah he was in third grade and Shannon stayed with me because I was going to stay to sell our house and our place in California and do that and I think it was, it was in the fall because school had already started in California or here in Colorado when they came back. Ben took Colin over to Jeff Medina was the principal at the elementary school and he took them in there and it was kind of later in the day and so Jeff took Colin into Mrs. Keller’s class. Hellen Keller. Killer Keller. (laughs) Colin was always such a bright student. He was always way ahead of even though they started school they were a year younger than all of their classmates here because they started when they were four in California because their birthdays were October and the cut off was when we’re here the cut off was in September. That first six months, Colin and Ben lived in the camper in the back of a pickup, you know. They set it off down at 6 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 Sky Ute Downs. Shannon and I came back out here on Thanksgiving that year because I was working in California. Colin just hated school and was having such a difficult time because every time he would do something the teachers would rip it up even though like on math he would just write the answers down because he just knew how to do it and didn’t want to go through the whole process of writing the whole problem down. (laughs) She would rip it up in front of the class. It was not a pleasant time for him. So when I came during thanksgiving I went to school and Jeff Medina, I said, “I want to have a meeting. He hates school and he’s always loved school.” So he had a meeting with me and Ellen Fromm and Helen Keller and Jeff Medina and Colin and I were there. Wheelock: Why was Ellen there? Campbell: Because she was the other third grade teacher. So he was going to move Colin into Ellen’s class, out of Keller’s class. The meeting was a little bit different. Hellen Keller, I said, “I can understand how kids are terrified of you.” She was very structured and big and tall. I said, “You scare me and I don’t even scare very easily. I can imagine what you did my little kid.” Jeff Medina told Colin, he said, “I’m going to put you in Mrs. Fromm’s class but that’s the only place I can move you. If you don’t work out there, there isn’t any place else to move you.” So then I was like, oh shoot. I came back during spring break and I went to parent teacher conference, Shannon and I came back out during spring break. I remember going into Mrs. Fromm’s room and going, “Oh, no.” Because Colin hadn’t complained anymore at all because, let me skip back, when Ben went to pick Colin up that first day, Mrs. Keller had given him a test and Jeff Medina had told her, “Just let him sit and get used to things, don’t be pushing work on him to start with.” So when Ben came in to pick him up she said, “He needs to be moved back to the first grade. All California kids are behind Colorado kids.” Ben said, “I think she had no idea who she was talking to.” Thinking that Ben was probably…I mean who knows what. (laughs) He said, “Well don’t you think it would be more fair to you and to the student, to Colin, to observe him for a while before you come to a decision like that?” Of course, that didn’t go over real well with her. She already had her mind made up. So then she picked on him the whole time. It was bad. I think that’s one thing that people don’t realize that if parents don’t stand up for your kids when, you know, somethings going on and you know that they were good students and did 7 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 really well and then all of a sudden hated school, you know there’s something. So when I came back spring break and I had to go to parent teacher conference with Mrs. Fromm and she said, “Well, all I can say is he needs to be moved up a grade, not back a grade. He is amazing.” After that I loved Mrs. Fromm from then on just this difference and I thought, just think of how many kids are ruined. Where they hate school from then on if parents don’t take the initiative to check out and see why they don’t like it because there are personality conflicts and there are personality conflicts with teachers and students. Whether you believe it or not, there are. Then Shannon and I came back after the end of the school year and we lived down at Sky Ute Downs, rented a trailer from Becky and Joe Sparks down there and Ben ran Sky Ute downs. We had bought fifty acres and then we’re building up on 334. I was in painting Ben’s office one day at Sky Ute and the Superintendent who was Harrig, I can’t remember what his first name was, he was the Superintendent of schools and I guess he heard that I had a teaching degree and so he said, when I was down there painting and he came in one day and he said, “I think I have a job for you.” And I said, “Well I don’t know that I want a job.” (laughs) So I thought, eh. (??29.25) So I applied and got the title math job at the high school and I started teaching at the high school. I taught there for three years, I think, up at the high school and then moved down to the elementary school. Wheelock: Why? Campbell: Because they dropped it at the high school, the title program I think, and they needed somebody down at the elementary. I had never taught at elementary because I was always at high school in California and then at Dals and stuff. That year, oh those cute little kids, how they hug on you and, you know, I got everything! My immune system really was built up after that. I never got sick anymore. (laughs) After all those. Wheelock: Oh I thought you were just going to say that you got everything just from the love. Campbell: Yeah, you did. So then taught there and then taught both at the elementary and the intermediate, went back and forth for twentythree years I worked in the school district. In the meantime, Ben was still doing his jewelry, he ran Sky Ute Downs for probably five years, maybe. Then we started the 4-H horse, 4-H club. Ben started it 8 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 before I got out here and then I took it over and Genie Whiteman and I did it, it was called Sky High 4-H club and it was a horse club. Went to state fair, had all of these kids that we taught them riding and we did the horse activities and then the next year we started another club that was called Wind Riders. Our club won state fair, first time ever in La Plata county that our 4-H had won. There was five on the team and there’s Colin and Shannon, and then Mark and Stacy Lawler and Mike Lawler was CEO of Community Hospital at that time, and then he had moved to Mercy and became the CEO of Mercy Hospital and then Chad Midcalf, Midcalf and the Karen and Chuck, she was with Blue Cross Blue Shield and then she became the, when Mike moved to Mercy from Community Hospital in Durango, he had her come and be the director of the foundation which she is still to this day. So it’s those five kids that won the state championship and nobody has ever matched it since or before so we still have our plaque. We went to horse shows after horse shows after horse shows. Our whole family rode so that was good. Then we got into politics by accident. Wheelock: How did that happen? Campbell: By accident and then we bought the Lee place, Russel Lee place that was right…bordered our place. It expanded our place to 115 acres. Wheelock: Now did you design your house that your now in? Campbell: Oh yes, we did. When we built our house, Melvin Haga, Melvin was the contractor and it was when, because we moved into our house in 1979 and we had seen these log homes in California, they were lodge pole pines from Montana, and Ben just always wanted a log. Our house, we were at Sky Ute Downs because we were down there all the time with the horses and Melvin Haega and June Haega and their whole family, Anita May, who teaches down here in Ignacio. He was the contractor and we were sitting in the bleachers and Ben said, “We want to build this house.” He wrote all what the cost would be, everything, on a paper towel. (laughs) Ignacio…It was so amazing. I remember when we were building because we were living in the trailer down at Sky Ute Downs and when Ben would go up to check on to see how they were doing because we had to put a road in, we had to do everything from scratch. 9 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 Wheelock: Was there anything up there at all? Campbell: Not on that part of the building because we bought, Ross Raegan’s place but the only thing was the old barn by Wes Raegan’s was the only structure that was on the place. We decided to build our house right at the edge of our land where it wasn’t irrigated. So we had to build a road in from the county road and stuff. Melvin Haega was amazing. I don’t know if he hadn’t done very many log homes before but he said, “There is not any two square corners.” He had no idea of all of the fitting that you would have to do. So Ben went up there, I know, I mean he would go and check on them all the time and it was getting later in the fall and they would be all playing cards during their lunch time and Ben said, “Come on! When are we going to get this house?” And Melvin said, “I thought you moved back here to slow down.” And Ben said to Melvin, “Yeah, but not to stop.” (laughs) Our whole life here Melvin was always, because he went, kept his contract right to the penny that he had written down on the paper towel. I think I still have it somewhere. It was just thinking, wow, it’s too bad things aren’t like that today. Then we put our big barn, a Quonset Hut that was 300 feet long and 75 feet wide and they had to bring it in with cranes and they had to do half at a time all the time because they tried bolting it all together and then lifting it up but because it weighed so much. All of the people around here, the ranchers and stuff would say, “in the first big snow storm that comes, that buildings going to collapse.” It was going to totally collapse or the first big wind storm it just…well it’s still there, the snow doesn’t even stay on it, it just slides off. Sounds like an avalanche when you’re inside when there’s a lot of snow and when it stars sliding… Wheelock: Is that where Ben’s man cave is? Campbell: No. We had a riding arena in there for the horses. Wheelock: I remember Libby telling me about it. Campbell: Yeah, everything was for the horses, you know, that we did for a lot of years. Wheelock: So how long did you live in the trailer before Campbell: I moved back here in 1978, I think it was. We came after, it was in the spring I think, Shannon and I did, because Colin and Ben were already here because it was that spring that I was helping Ben, I 10 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 was painting his office. Then we moved into our house in 1979 so I started teaching in the fall of ’78 here. Jackie Morlen and I and Mary Lou Joseph and Bert was teaching… Wheelock: Environmental Ed? Campbell: Environmental Ed and Mary Jo whatever her last name was, I don’t know if they were with BOCES or if they were with what program. Jackie Morlen, that’s the one in Bayfield. Yeah, Jackie started teaching the same year I did at the high school. Wheelock: Here in Ignacio. Campbell: Then Ben kept doing his jewelry and he quit down at Sky Ute Downs and just concentrated on doing his jewelry works and went to show all over the country and one everywhere and developed his name. He had before we left California but really pushed it. Then one day, Dotty Brown, I don’t know if you remember Dotty Brown? Wheelock: I remember a Dotty but I’m not sure what the last name was. Campbell: She was pretty involved, she got involved in school activities and school stuff. Her son, what was his name? Travis? She had an only son. Anyway she called and wanted to know if Ben would go to the central committee meeting in Durango for the Democratic party. I was like, “I don’t think so.” (laughs) I don’t think so, you know. We had a plane at that time so we were going to go to Aspen or something for the day, fly over. It was storming. Wheelock: Does Ben fly? Campbell: He got his piolets and I soloed. Wheelock: Oh really? Wow. I’m impressed, Linda. Continue. Campbell: We were going to go over to Aspen for the day and then he thought, maybe I’ll just go to that meeting down at the fairgrounds for the Democratic party. Because Al Brown had been the sheriff or he was the sheriff but he had graduated from San Jose State in California where Ben graduated from. Ben said, “I’ll go down there and support him.” They were looking for people to run for the fiftyninth district for the state of Colorado. Don Whalen of Fort Lewis college, he was running as a Republican and so nobody wanted to run against him. Ben had gotten up and spoke about Al Brown because he’s a really good speaker and so when they kept asking people if they would run for the fifty-ninth, he said everybody had a 11 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 reason why they wouldn’t. I’m too sick. I’m too busy. I’m too whatever. The last one standing on the floor was Ben and they said, “What about you?” And Ben said, “I don’t know. What do you have to do?” and they said, “Oh not much, we’ll do it all. We’ll help you.” “How much does it cost?” “Oh not much at all.” “Well…” he said, “Well…” Wheelock: Now had you gone to the meeting? Campbell: No, we were supposed to go to Farmington because we had some horses in training down there we were supposed to take some hay down and finally he came home and I said, “What in the world? I thought you were just going to be gone for (laughs)” and he said, “Guess what?” I said, “What?” He said, “I’m a candidate.” I said, “A candidate?! For what?” (laughs) He said, “For the fifty-ninth district state representative.” I said, “What do they do?” He said, “I don’t know.” I said, “How many of them are there?” “I don’t know how many.” And that night we went to our first event over in Pagosa and the next headline the next day: Dems announce surprise candidate. I’ve got all of the scrap books from Dave. Wheelock: Do you? Wow. Campbell: Yeah. Ann Brown called him up and she had been mayor in Durango and she said, “Do you need some help? Do you know what you’re doing?” “Heavens, I haven’t got a clue what I’m doing.” She said, “You need help?” He said, “Well yeah, I guess so.” So Ann, thank god for Ann, she became his campaign manager because she knew everybody around her. She lived here forever in Durango. She said, “First thing you have to do is you got to go talk to Sam Means, get his approval.” So Ben thought, okay and he went down there. Ben said, “What chance do you think I have?” He said, “You want to know what chance I think you have? You’ve got two chances, little and none.” (laughs) Wheelock: Now was he the lawyer here already? Campbell: For the tribe. Yeah. So Sam said, “Little or none.” Ben thought, well, that’s not going to happen but nobody knew he was a competitor. Nobody knew he went to the Olympic games, nobody knew, you know? They just thought he was…(laughs) Wheelock: So he was a surprise. 12 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 Campbell: He was a surprise candidate, yeah. Colin and Shannon, they were little when he first got into politics. Then he won, beat Don Whalen who stayed a friend for the rest of his life. Wheelock: Don is a wonderful man. Campbell: They were great and it was a shock to him that he lost. I think because he had been everything. He was Fort Lewis, I think he was the interim president or president and the athletics and then he was on the airport commission. I mean, he had been everything that he should be before you run for office. (laughs) In fact, his Gary is still really close friends with us, his son. So then Ben went to Denver and I stayed and taught and took care of the ranch and took care of the kids and did all that. He was only gone six months or seven months; you know when they’re in session at the state legislature. So he would come back on weekends, fly up and fly back. Wheelock: It’s good that he got his pilot’s license. Campbell: Well he didn’t do that though. I mean he flew commercial because it’s too dangerous to fly private over these mountains because when you have to go you have to go. It’s not like you can say, “Nope, not going today.” So I kept teaching here. I think I was down in the elementary and intermediate school when he was first elected. I took care, we had cows, like fifty Brangus cows and calves and horses and the kids and the 4-H and teaching… Wheelock: Now did you have help with the ranch at all? Campbell: No. I didn’t. Wheelock: I’m impressed. Campbell: Jake Candelaria used to help me a lot. He would come and help do different, you know, with the cows and stuff. But no, pretty much on my own. Ben ran two terms and he was going to come home because it is a real hardship on a family that people have no idea. Then also on the state legislature there is no help. There’s a secretary for the pool of legislators but not individual so I would type his letters. It was before PC’s and so you’d get all the way through and then make a mistake and…It was awful, awful. When he first went in to office, I think it was ’83, 1983 there was no cell phones, there were no fax’s, there were no computers, you had to write a letter or call long distance to talk to your legislators because there was no other way. They didn’t pay much at all. I think he made 13 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 14,000, 15,000 or something. It was pretty low. But then we were making not very much teaching either. Wheelock: That’s the only thing you did pretty much was through your ranching. Campbell: Well yeah. It was hard. He was only going to do those two terms and then come home and then they talked him into running against Mike String for U.S. congress. He was in there already so he was an incumbent and so what the heck? (laughs) Oh my god. So we, because we would travel all the time, weekends I would go with them and help them and the kids would too, we did parades and all of this stuff and teaching all week and stuff for campaign and that year that he beat Mike String there were only five congressmen that beat incumbents, where incumbents were beat, Ben was one of them. Wheelock: Through your help. Campbell: Well, the whole family. There has to be somebody that takes care of everything here. Or you couldn’t do it. You can’t. So when you see J. Paul you need to thank him because, and Debbie especially. It’s a hardship. It’s a really, really hardship on families. Wheelock: But, like, with J. Paul, his boys are already big and he ran pretty much when they were already [cross talk 52.46] Campbell: They were out of school. They were out of school. [crosstalk 52.48] Wheelock: Compared to like you. Yeah. Campbell: Yeah because they were in elementary school. Wheelock: Deb really doesn’t work. Campbell: She works at the ranch but she doesn’t work outside of the home. Wheelock: So you’re definitely… Campbell: Everything. You’re everything. So then our political thing. He did three terms in the U.S. congress and was going to run one more term and then come home. I was listening to the radio at home, doing everything and I heard on the radio Tim Worth decided he was not going to run for U.S. Senate and I said, “Oh no.” My heart just, like, oh my god. Pretty soon I get a call, it’s Ben, he said, “I’m going to go for senate.” I said, “Okay.” He said, “Up or up.” We went from two-thirds of all of Colorado was the third congressional 14 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 district, you know in the state legislature it was six counties. It was San Juan, Archuleta, Montezuma, and La Plata. I guess it’s four counties. We had to travel all over the district all the time and go to events in those four counties which turned out to be not that big of a deal. Then when he ran for congress it was two-thirds of the state because the third congressional district takes up over two-thirds of the whole state from all of from Grand Junction as far to the Utah border to the New Mexico border, Arizona border, up to Pueblo. Colorado Springs isn’t in it but up through Pueblo. It’s a huge district driving and most places you had to drive because there’s not flights unless you chartered flights or something. It’s a commitment. Keeping up with that and doing that so then when he said he was running for senate I thought, oh my god, that’s the whole state. He announced and Terry Considine was the republican that was running and he’d been running for two years and this was in May or June that Tim Worth decided he wasn’t going to run so it didn’t leave much time from June to November. Wheelock: Now what year was this? Campbell: He ran for state rep was from ’86 to ’92 and then he ran in ’92 for U.S. senate. He was there from ’92 to 2005. Wheelock: And you were still doing all of this? Campbell: I was doing everything. We still had to 4-H going for a long time plus we were breeding horses because we were raising quarter horses, show quarter horses and stuff. When he ran for senate, the minute I heard that Tim Worth wasn’t going to run on the radio I was just like, “Oh no, they’re going to get him to run.” I just knew it and I was like, “Oh my god. Why can’t we just stay in something that’s easy for a while?” Because once you’re in it’s, and you develop all of these relationships and you develop all of this constituents, you know, it’s much easier than going through the whole thing. Anyway, he ran and we went, I would haul, he rode Scamp who was Colin’s horse, that big black and white paint that you see [cross talk 57.49] I would haul him to Grand Junction to all of these parades so Ben could ride him in the parades because he was such an image and stuff. Pretty much did it all. Hauled that horse over Red Mountain, all of these passes, all the time. Sometimes, the kids were like junior high when he first got into the senate or they might have been like freshman, eighth and ninth grade or something. Sometimes they would go with me and sometimes I would just go by myself and haul 15 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 them over to Montrose and Grand Junction and up to Pueblo and all over the state and teaching. Wheelock: Yes, yes, and a very good teacher at that. Campbell: Teaching and taking care of the ranch and doing everything. I think when he first ran for senate Ann Swing, Ann was the principal. Ann and I had grown up in Montrose. Wheelock: You were next door neighbors right? Campbell: Well her husband, Larry Swain, his folks lived right across the street from my folks. Ann had lived down the block in Montrose so her husband’s folks were really close friends with my folks. Wheelock: And so she lived just right there, so they were like childhood sweethearts then? Campbell: Yeah, they had gotten married before she got out of high school. Wheelock: Oh, okay. Really? Campbell: Yeah. Wheelock: Did she go to the same college as you? Campbell: They got married and they had kids and then she went back to college after the kids were grown. Wheelock: Well that’s remarkable too. Campbell: She went to Western State, yeah, she did. Larry might have gone but I know Ann didn’t because she had kids to take care of and stuff. Wheelock: By the time she moved here… Campbell: She was divorced and… Wheelock: Her kids were already grown. Campbell: Yeah her kids were grown when she moved back here because I hadn’t seen her for years when she moved back here and she was the principal and then we became really close friends because in the mean time we started riding Harleys. Wheelock: That’s right, I forgot about, now tell me about your Harley. 16 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 Campbell: I think it was in ’92 when after Shannon came up with this idea. She said, “Mom, if dad wins for senate, let’s get him a new Harley and take it out on the stage.” He had ridden bikes forever and I had ridden, well I’ll have to bounce back to…when he won senate, then we got him the big dresser of Harley. I rode behind him for a while. He had taught me how to ride dirt bikes in California. He had couple little Hondas in the parking lot at the Judo club. I think we were married, he was teaching me how to ride them and there were these great big trees at the end of the driveway and on these streets so I went (driving sounds) right in the tree the first big thing. Well, it didn’t hurt me though…(laughs) but then we rode those. I took him up in the foothills in California and we rode them all the time, these dirt bikes. We just rode them everywhere and did all that stuff. So, I’d ridden but never on a street bike. I rode with Ben and he decided, well Shannon, she had to been sixteen or seventeen then because, in ’92, because he got us a bike that we were going to share, Shannon and I. So we went up, sportster, black sportster, that we had to take the rider safety class so we went up to community college Denver, in Denver, not sure what the name of it, and took this class, both Shannon and I did. That was the first time I’d ridden a street bike, you know, and they’re pretty powerful. Then we rode all the time and then Ann start…when she was teaching here I said, “Ann you ought to get a bike and you can go riding with us.” Colin had bought a bike out in California. He had graduated, he was at GIA, he had graduated from Fort Lewis and he found this bike of one of his students that also were at GIA that lived in Japan or somewhere and wanted to sell it. He had it shipped back here and then he taught Ann how to ride it. So Ann started riding. Wheelock: She didn’t have to take the class? Campbell: Oh yeah, she took the class. She rode with us for years, we rode everywhere. Then we started Harley Angels. (laughs) Did that… Wheelock: You did all kinds of… Campbell: Maneuvers, yeah. Wheelock: That was fun to see. You guys were good. Campbell: Yeah, we were good. (laughs) The bike whole world was another whole thing but anyway, then after Ben was elected to senate he was the grand marshal of the Rose Bowl parade in ’92. He and 17 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 Colin hauled the horse all the way to Pasadena for the Rose Bowl parade, for the grand marshal. That was one of the really fun things, you know what I mean? One thing, there was a lot of sacrifices but there was some good things too. Just going to the Rose Bowl and being part of that. Wheelock: Now did you ride your horse also? Campbell: No, they had a buggy for us right behind them so we rode and the horse was covered with flowers and the kids both rode in it too and the whole family was. That was a really fun, fun great thing to do. Skip ahead to…bikes kept going. We kept going to more and more bike things and then he started the rally here in ’93 is the first poster I have. When he and Mike Lovato started the rally in Ignacio. It grew and grew until it was like 30,000 people. Wheelock: I even helped in that. Campbell: Yeah, Danny [crosstalk 1.07.03] used to pick up trash. Wheelock: He still does that. Campbell: Yeah, Danny with all of his space camp kids would do that. Started the rally here and some people were for it and some people were against it. Whenever you do anything but, to bring… Wheelock: Sure did bring a lot of income in. Campbell: Oh my gosh, I mean, just the amount of people it brought here and how Ignacio… Well when ben was running Sky Ute Downs too, skipping back a ways, we started these quarter horse circuits before he quit at the Downs he had the longest quarter horses circuit in the whole United States. It was nine days and it was just before the cutoff for points for world championship. People came from Texas, Oklahoma, Arizona; I mean they were from all over. It was three days, a break, three days, a break, three days, a break. They could get a lot of points for… The amount of things, I think, that we as a family brought in to this community was pretty significant. Wheelock: Oh I think so, I definitely do. Campbell: Just like the quarter horse thing never once we quit down there and once the kids were in 4-H, they stayed in it until high school. Then it all just kind of died back, unless you have somebody that’s really going to do it. And then the rally, they live up to huge thing and then…once we dropped out. 18 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 Wheelock: It’s definitely not the same. Campbell: Never been the same, never been the same since. I think we haven’t contributed near like a lot of families that have been here their whole life but I was in Colorado my whole life. I think it was pretty significant, the different things that we got going. There was no horse 4-H club here until we started it. There was no quarter horse circuit here. And the rally and just different things like that. Wheelock: Well you were also a lobbyist. Can you… Campbell: After I quit teaching. Wheelock: Why did you decide to quit teaching? Campbell: Dare I say it? Wheelock: You don’t have to. You may do it. Campbell: Ben stayed in the senate, his first term and then he switched parties. Wheelock: That was hard on a lot of democrats. Campbell: Yeah but they need to get over it. (laughs) They need to get over it because the whole thing, it was just the extremes in both parties are wackos. Most people are right in the middle and Ben, as a Democrat when he was in the U.S. senate, they rate him from one to one hundred and he was always forty-eight to fifty-one, right in the middle, and he always won the women’s vote, the Hispanic vote, the minority vote. He always won labor. Then when he switched over, so he’s the first person in Colorado that ever switched parties and won in both parties. He won by the same percentage that he did, he won by over ten percent and he won the same groups of people. His voting record was always between forty-eight and fifty-one, as his rating. So the most extreme liberal which was, what was his name? I can’t remember. To Jessie Helms, to the far right. Party shouldn’t mean anything, I don’t think. I think it’s getting stuff done. When people get so hung up on parties, look what’s happening to the country now because of it. Everybody’s just worried about getting reelected that they are afraid to do anything. In all those years Ben got more bills passed than all of the former senators in the U.S. senate Colorado in history because he was able to work both sides. People are people. Doesn’t matter whether you are a democrat or republican. Wheelock: When you quit teaching… 19 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 Campbell: I quit teaching. I should have taught at least twenty-five years, you know, I should have stayed longer. The reason I didn’t, it was after he won U.S. senate the second time, it’s because there were so many things I couldn’t do and Ann was always fabulous about, in fact when he first announced that he was running for senate and it was all spur of the moment, they wanted me to come up to Denver to be with him for his announcement and I called Ann and Ann says, “Go.” At that time, I was still working at the elementary and Roy Lyons was there and he was an asshole about doing anything and yet I never took a day off sick leave, I never used any of my sick leave ever. He just instead of saying, Oh my god. Think of what that could have done to this district if he would have been, you know, think of what could have really happened for here. The same thing that Ben did for Mercy hospital and Fort Lewis college. It was just so short sighted and it was such a hassle to do anything. Ann said, “You go. We’ll figure it out. You just go.” So I called Roy and he just gave me all kinds of grief he said, “You’re going to be docked.” I said, “Are you kidding me? Don’t you even see the big picture?” I said, “Forget it, I’m not going.” So I didn’t go. It was just like oh my gosh, is this worth it? To stay here and work and not have the flexibility. It was Ed Cutslet though that set up the thing because he saw the value where Lyons was just… Wheelock: I’m glad it worked out though. Campbell: Ed and I are still great friends. He was just totally…anyway, we’re almost up to present time. I think one of the things…I was a sponsor for the U.S.S. Mesa Verde which was a really fabulous, it’s U.S. Navy warship which was really, really fun and fabulous to be able to be that because there’s not very many sponsors in the whole country of ships, warships especially. I was the one that christened it. I think I was still teaching then because…no, no because I was on the Fort Lewis board then. Ron Cross, he gave me a big bottle or something to use. Just to be able to do those kind of things and be part of it was neat and to be able to take off because we’ve traveled all over the world which I couldn’t have done if I had stayed teaching. There’s no way that I could have taken that much time off or been working for nothing. I retired or quit teaching I had like 180 sick days. Wheelock: That’s like me too. Campbell: So the benefit was to be able to travel. We went to Africa, we went to Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Russia, everywhere all over the world. 20 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 Egypt, places that you wouldn’t really want to go today. To be able to go like we did, without going through security and all that. We always went on military flights and be able to meet the people, the Queen of England, all of these people and the opening of the NMAI that Ben was a sponsor for the National Museum of American Indian Museum. Just to do those kind of things made all this other work worthwhile. I love the kids and the kids… Wheelock: They loved you. Campbell: They come up all the time, “Oh, Ms. Campbell, Ms. Campbell.” In fact, we bought the bakery building and David Silva… Wheelock: I had him as a student. Campbell: I had him and I said, “You were a little shit. I believe in you and I’m miss, I’m going to give you a chance to do it.” He can do it and stuff and just to have those memories and the number of people around here that you know from teaching here and how they never forget you. I remember one incident, Thali Silva and Diane Waters, they were in my advanced math class when I working with you, I worked with you a lot. We worked really well together. Wheelock: I think so. Campbell: I think so too, but they kept saying, “Ms. Campbell, Ms. Campbell, can we come home with you and stay with you for a while?” I said, “After spring break.” This was in the fall. (laughs) Then they said, “Ms. Campbell, spring break’s coming up, after can we come stay with you?” I said, “Well, you have to get notes from your mom, you have to do this, you have to do that.” Thinking they wouldn’t do it. The day I said, “Oh my gosh.” They said, “Okay, we’re ready to come stay.” I said, “Well, we have a faculty meeting down at the district office, you’ll have to come down and get my Jeep.” I had a little jeep. When I came out of that meeting, they were there. I thought, oh my gosh. I took them out on the four-wheelers, we were feeding cows, we were doing all of this stuff. Thali still talks about it all the time, every time I see her she talks about it. And now Mahvish (?) is always saying, “Oh my god.” I just think it’s so sad… Wheelock: I talked to the grandmother of Thali and Dianne Waters and she said that that’s one of the highlights of Thali’s life. One of the wonderful times. 21 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 Campbell: Yeah, because what’s-her-name was the counselor in there, she told me, Dianne Waters, that she had her and she said that Dianne, because I guess she moved to Durango after or something, and said that too. I think, what a shame our society is getting so bad that if I thought to do something like that now, oh my god, the liability, everything. Dianne stayed there the whole week, I never ever heard from her mom. I’d take her to school and Thali, her mom only let her stay three nights, I think. She said, “You can’t. You’ve got to come home.” I said, “She’s fine. She’s fine.” I think, what a shame that you can’t do that and you can’t hug kids. I would be hesitant to pick up a kid walking along this road now and isn’t that awful? It is awful that they’ve gotten to that far being such a, you know, protective where kids don’t have experience because I remember in first grade, Mrs. Hanes was my first grade teacher and she had this long bobsled and she would load up all of her first graders every year and drive them around the streets in Montrose behind her car, pulling them on that sled and I remember that as if it was yesterday. I mean just what a fabulous memory to have something like that, a teacher would do that with you. Wheelock: Well, my trips when I used to take the kids to Albuquerque and we even saw the Ice Capades. It was wonderful. Campbell: I know, I know. It’s fabulous and kids never forget it. You don’t forget it. Wheelock: Well I know you’ve been a wonderful influence. Campbell: I don’t know about that but… Wheelock: I do. Campbell: I think this community is pretty amazing and the people in it are, because when we first were going to buy here the realtors did not want to show us property, or show Ben because I was still in California, property out here. They said, “You don’t want to live out there. You don’t want to. You want to live in Durango.” He said, “No, I think we want to live out here.” I think, if people even got to know this community like it is, it is so amazing and it’s so great and then the people in it are so wonderful. Now, I wouldn’t want to do business with the town anymore though, after what David went through. That was a horrible experience, I would never buy property in town again to have to deal with the harassment and stuff that we went through, that David went through opening a business here but 22 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 that’s my only negative thing I’ve ever experienced in town. Well, because we live out of town but we also have another building here in town, an auto parts building which has never been an issue or hard to deal with. Wheelock: Is that the one with Chris May? Campbell: (Affirmative noise) So that’s my only negative thing that I would say. Wheelock: Well I don’t see you as a negative person at all so… Campbell: No. Just to go through that, I wouldn’t do it again. I figure it’s hard, it’s hard to own a business, it’s hard to open a business, our daughter has two galleries in Santa Fe and in Durango, Sorrel Sky, and just knowing what people go through that own their own business. Wheelock: Now, did she have as hard a time in opening a building there as David did here? Campbell: I don’t think so. Wheelock: Really? Campbell: Part of it was people didn’t want the competition and did everything they could to drive him broke. Wheelock: I’m worried about it just because right now I don’t see a lot of people there. Some days I do but, you know… Campbell: It’s pretty good [cross talk 1.25.49] Wheelock: I’m glad to hear that because we were so excited to see it open. And I ate breakfast, Rick and I ate breakfast there and it was wonderful. Campbell: The food has been great. Wheelock: The food is delicious. It really is. Campbell: It is really great. Wheelock: Big servings, I couldn’t even eat all mine. Campbell: Yeah. You have to take it home with you. When David came because I knew him when he was a kid, he and Daniel. I said, “Okay, I’m going to take a chance on you. Don’t prove me wrong.” 23 �Voices of Ignacio Interviewee: Linda Campbell Interviewer: Liz Wheelock Date: May 19, 2016 Wheelock: He’s a very good man I think. Campbell: And such a worker. When you see these kids that want to follow their dream and you don’t do everything you can to help them achieve that dream and then something’s wrong with the system. When you’d rather see them on welfare or getting food stamps instead of being a productive citizen and providing jobs and tax revenue for the town then something’s wrong. Something is wrong. Anyway, that’s that. That’s the end. Wheelock: Linda thank you so much, it has been wonderful and I’ve learned a lot. I’m glad I was able to get you because I know Ben is there but I think the women, there’s something about the woman… Campbell: And I got two awards. I got the Mara Lee Ballantine woman of the year award in Durango, through them, chamber of commerce in Durango, and then I got the extraordinary woman award from three of us from the woman’s resource. Wheelock: Well I can see, I’m glad, because you deserve it and thank you so much, I appreciate you doing this. Campbell: You’re welcome. [End of transcription] Transcribed by: Megan Chambellan July 6, 2017 Audit edit by: Final edit by: 24 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Voices of Ignacio Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transcript of Interview with Linda Campbell Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2017-08-06 Description An account of the resource The transcript of an interview with Linda Campbell conducted by Liz Wheelock at the Ignacio Community Library on Thursday, May 19th, 2016. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource Interview; Ignacio; Colorado; Campbell, Linda; Transcript https://voicesofignacio.cvlcollections.org/files/original/25a6ea94e847b57d739e659bbde76aa6.pdf bc5c9e7bf9b1d47ffa350d5b4797086f PDF Text Text ,..... ,..... -, ,..... ,..... ,..... J J J ' ' ' ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ULYSSES G. McJUNKIN Ulysses Grant McJunkin born November 4, 1881 - died February 5, in El Paso, Texas. Funeral services were Thursday, February 10, at the Ignacio Presbyterian Church with the Rev. Don Kratz officiating. Burial was in the Ignacio Cemetery: Jake, as he was better known from the time he was a small boy, spent his 95 years in many areas and in many occupations. Recalling when he wa~ in first grade in school in Saguache, he told how the McJunkin family came across the plains in a covered wagon. He admitted to being scared at night when he heard the coyotes. He had a lifelong interest in music and played the violin and guitar. He said he remembered his mother saying, "Jake, I wish you would stop plunking away on that guitar, you are about to drive ne crazy." In his early years around this area he played his fiddle at the county dances and his wife, Ruby, corded on the Piano. He was still playing for his own entertainment in his 80s. When Chrestino Casias, another old time musician, came to see him, the two played for hours at a time. As a young man, before he was out of his teens, he freighted across the Navajo reservation, helped survey for a railroad in Arizona and was in the Silverton -Ouray area when the mining days were at their height. An older brother, Elton, freighted supplies from Silverton across Engineer Mountain to Lake City. ) ) ) ) ) J _) .J .J .J J J J _j J J J J J J .J ._) .J From the Ignacio Chieftain for July 19, 1966 - Mr. McJunkin recalled he married Ruby Bryan, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. G.W. (George Washington) Bryan at the Bryan home which was across from the present Don Gosney ranch. The Bryans and McJunkins were around before there were any houses in what is now down town Ignacio. In 1909 the Bryan family store was located on the south side of the depot. At a later date Mr. Bryan built his store down town, (corner of Pioneer and Goddard). Mr. Bryan also built many of the present day homes in Ignacio. The McJunkins lived in Durango following their marriage. Mr. McJunkin thought it was probably July 4, 1909 that they and the Len Andersons came out from Durango on the train for the sale of some newly surveyed lots in Ignacio. The land was just being thrown open for settlement. On that 4th of July a 30 or 40 piece band from Pagosa had been engaged to play for the celebration. There were eats and speeches before the sale was to begin. However, around noon there was lightning, rain and hail. It got so cold it turned to snow. As the snow piled up, the people took off and headed for their homes and not a lot was sold. Some four years later the McJunkins did move to Ignacio. Mr. McJunkin ran sheep, then started a second hand store, later adding groceries and dry goods. After a number of years they sold the store to Harold Phillips . 117 �The McJunkins in later years lived in the Bryan family home on Browning where Ed Mouser now lives. They had three sons George, Grant, and Harry. After his wife's death, death Mr. McJunkin continued to live here during the summers in the house just north of his former home. In the winter he stays with his son, Harry, in El Paso or with his brother, Jim, at his trading post near Winslow, Arizona. In his later years he has painted a good many pictures, mostly from memory of Navajo land and early day scenes. He hangs these pictures on the walls of his home for his own pleasure. He did not like winter scenes, so he seldom painted bare trees, ice, or snow. February, 1977 - Shelby Smith 118 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shelby Smith Interviews Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-NC/1.0/?language=en Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1973-1980 Subject The topic of the resource Ignacio; Southwest Colorado Description An account of the resource Collection of biographies, predominantly of residents from the Ignacio Senior Center, based on interviews conducted by Shelby Smith from approximately 1973 to 1980. The abridged interviews were originally published as individual entries in The Thoughtful Years newsletter, published by the Ignacio Senior Center, beginning in 1973. They were later published as a whole in Smith's book: Oral Histories of the Southern Pine River Valley, from which the original scans in this collection have been derived. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smith, Shelby Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ulysses G. McJunkin Biography Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1977-02 Subject The topic of the resource McJunkin, Ulysses G.; Ignacio, Colorado; Southwest Colorado Description An account of the resource Biography of Ulysses G. McJunkin based on an interview conducted by Shelby Smith. Originally included in the February, 1977 issue of "The Thoughtful Years" newsletter published by the Ignacio Senior Center. Later included in the book "Oral Histories of the Southern Pine River Valley" by Shelby Smith. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Ignacio, Colorado; Southwest Colorado Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource McJunkin, Ulysses G. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2 pages Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smith, Shelby https://voicesofignacio.cvlcollections.org/files/original/85c566a3bbaf97dc28ff234c3396c3ab.jpg 05bd78a3eacd57df2ef444a982fc2b59 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Historic Photographs Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ute Indian School Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-RUU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-RUU/1.0/</a> Subject The topic of the resource Ignacio; Colorado; Ute Indian School; Ute Indian; Ute; School Description An account of the resource A photo of the Ute Indian School in Ignacio, Colorado. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image https://voicesofignacio.cvlcollections.org/files/original/9ecc764170eaccfdef3f8f1717b5f4ca.pdf 4f57b02d3ca91e834ecd3742e9a1f9c7 PDF Text Text WALTER AND ANNA (Liese) CARLSON Many Europeans who later became Americans were a surprise to their relatives. John Erricson Carlson's mother lived all her life 45 miles from Stockholm, Sweden, without ever having visited that city. Despite her example of staying put, John became a traveler to distant places. Being subject to the Swedish Army, John could not leave until he was 21. Then he crossed the ocean and came to Kansas where he stayed until he learned English by reading Swedish and English Bibles. Once he felt competent to use English, he moved on to Denver where he worked at a number of jobs. First he worked for the city digging sewer trenches, narrowly avoiding tragedy, when a wall of earth collapsed on him. Next he worked in the machine shop of the D. & R.G.W. railroad. Workers were expected to be on time. The gate was locked at 8:00 and latecomers were not allowed to enter for an hour. Pay was $1.50 per day. Later John was hired as a machinist's helper at the Tramway Co., one of the streetcar companies in Denver where he worked at least 8 years. Labor unions were just gaining some influence in those days. One union John told his children about was the Industrial Workers of the World, the I.W.W. which opponents claimed meant "I won't work." The Carlson's son John Walter was born in Denver March 5, 1896. "The terrace (apartment) where I was born is probably gone now," Walter says, "but it was located about where the Valley Highway (Interstate 25) crosses South Santa Fe in Denver. This was close to the Platte River across from a glass factory. We used to cross the river on a foot bridge." "When I was 5 or 6 Dad decided he wanted to farm. He bought a place on the Divide between Denver and Colorado Springs about 45 miles southeast of Denver near Elizabeth, Colorado. I started to school there, but we didn't stay long. We moved back to Denver, settling out west near Sheridan and Alameda. At that time there was a lot of open country around Denver, orchards, grain fields and dairies. For a while I herded cows for 50 cents a week. I went to Barnum school till 4th grade. Even then Denver had nice public parks and Elitch Gardens was open. It was fun to go ice skating and to ride the streetcars." In 1906 when young John was 10, his father heard about land opening for settlement in southwest Colorado. He bought a place near Tiffany and Vallejo (later called Allison) and moved the family. The trip took 4 days by train. The family loaded their possessions in 5 boxcars. This included 2 dogs, 2 horses, 2 cows and some chickens plus a rake and a mowing machine. Walter's mother later said, "We packed everything but the milk stool and it came a week later." "It was pretty hard," Walter recalls. "There wasn't a bridge, a fence or a house in sight except a house for the railroad section foreman. Otherwise it was just sagebrush. We lived under a pinon tree, not even in a tent, just under a tree until we built one room. In the fall Dad built a 12x12' house. The Shanks were already here. Mrs. Newcombe had a small store built of cedar posts. I can still remember the candy in fruit jars. Later Mr. Thomas built a store and blacksmith shop. Allison was named Vallejo by the railroad 26 �') 'I 'I 'I 'I 'I ' ' i ) ' ) i i ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) J ..) ..) ..) ..) J J J ..J J J J J J .J ..J until a surveyor named Allison Stauffer came through promoting a new irrigation system. Then the residents decided to change the name." "In the fall the men around Tiffany decided to build a school because the place was growing fast. P.M. Engler, Parris Engler, Sylvia Pargin, Una and John Rencher and Inez Rowse were some of my classmates . " "There was some rivalry between the two towns. There was a Tiffany gang and an Allison Gang. It wasn't a serious thing, but it was noticeable." "Once we went to chivaree a young couple who had just been married. He wouldn't come out of the house so we smoked him out. We stuffed gunny sacks in the chimney until he had to come out. It was the custom for the person being chivareed to treat the crowd. We took him to the store where we each got candy or some small item. The whole treat cost him 55 cents." A new family bought a farm adjacent to the Carlsons in 1916. The Liesa's had a daughter named Anna and it wasn't long before Walter noticed her. Anna Gesine Liese was born July 30,1895 at Sioux city, Iowa. Her parents were Hermann J. Liese born in Hamburg, Germany and Ottilie Therese Johanna Glander, born in Straulandsen, Germany in 1866. Hermann came to America in 1877. Ottilie didn't arrive until 1885 when she was 19. For a while she worked as a housemaid in New York City for 50 cents a week. After they were married the Liesa's lived in many places across the country. After Anna was born in Iowa, they lived in Minnesota, Oregon, Washington and finally arrived in Farmington, N.M. "What a dusty place," my father thought. A realtor there told him he might like Durango better." Hermann bought a farm in the Animas valley north of town. Anna got a job as waitress and maid at the Southern Hotel across the street from the depot. To get to work, Anna walked to Animas City, then caught the street car to the depot. A few months later Hermann decided he would like the Tiffany area better so he traded farms with a family there. Shortly after the Lieses arrived one of the neighbors played cupid by inviting both Walter and Anna to supper one evening. After supper Walter boldly said, "Are you ready to go home, Miss Liese?" Six months later Walter and Anna were married. Walter's father had a new Model T Ford, which they drove to Ignacio. Unable to find a minister in Ignacio, they went on to Bayfield where they were married on July 25, 1917. The Model T's were hard to crank, but good in the mud. Tires didn't last long on the country roads. When Walter went to Pagosa on business once it required 5 hours to go and 5 to return. He went through Bayfield, since there was no road up the Piedra Valley. Along some stretches of the road the dust was 10" deep because of the constant pounding from the lumber wagons. Walter was drafted in 1918, sent to Ft. Logan, then to Nogales, Arizona, and San Antonio. He was scheduled to be shipped to France when the armistice was signed. His total time in the army was 9 months. 27 �') 'I 'I 'I 'I 'I ' ' i ) ' ) i i ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) J ..) ..) ..) ..) J J J ..J J J J J J .J ..J until a surveyor named Allison Stauffer came through promoting a new irrigation system. Then the residents decided to change the name." "In the fall the men around Tiffany decided to build a school because the place was growing fast. P.M. Engler, Parris Engler, Sylvia Pargin, Una and John Rencher and Inez Rowse were some of my classmates . " "There was some rivalry between the two towns. There was a Tiffany gang and an Allison Gang. It wasn't a serious thing, but it was noticeable." "Once we went to chivaree a young couple who had just been married. He wouldn't come out of the house so we smoked him out. We stuffed gunny sacks in the chimney until he had to come out. It was the custom for the person being chivareed to treat the crowd. We took him to the store where we each got candy or some small item. The whole treat cost him 55 cents." A new family bought a farm adjacent to the Carlsons in 1916. The Liesa's had a daughter named Anna and it wasn't long before Walter noticed her. Anna Gesine Liese was born July 30,1895 at Sioux city, Iowa. Her parents were Hermann J. Liese born in Hamburg, Germany and Ottilie Therese Johanna Glander, born in Straulandsen, Germany in 1866. Hermann came to America in 1877. Ottilie didn't arrive until 1885 when she was 19. For a while she worked as a housemaid in New York City for 50 cents a week. After they were married the Liesa's lived in many places across the country. After Anna was born in Iowa, they lived in Minnesota, Oregon, Washington and finally arrived in Farmington, N.M. "What a dusty place," my father thought. A realtor there told him he might like Durango better." Hermann bought a farm in the Animas valley north of town. Anna got a job as waitress and maid at the Southern Hotel across the street from the depot. To get to work, Anna walked to Animas City, then caught the street car to the depot. A few months later Hermann decided he would like the Tiffany area better so he traded farms with a family there. Shortly after the Lieses arrived one of the neighbors played cupid by inviting both Walter and Anna to supper one evening. After supper Walter boldly said, "Are you ready to go home, Miss Liese?" Six months later Walter and Anna were married. Walter's father had a new Model T Ford, which they drove to Ignacio. Unable to find a minister in Ignacio, they went on to Bayfield where they were married on July 25, 1917. The Model T's were hard to crank, but good in the mud. Tires didn't last long on the country roads. When Walter went to Pagosa on business once it required 5 hours to go and 5 to return. He went through Bayfield, since there was no road up the Piedra Valley. Along some stretches of the road the dust was 10" deep because of the constant pounding from the lumber wagons. Walter was drafted in 1918, sent to Ft. Logan, then to Nogales, Arizona, and San Antonio. He was scheduled to be shipped to France when the armistice was signed. His total time in the army was 9 months. 27 �Walter was a farmer, but worked away from home a lot, too. He was a ditch rider, had 2 thrashing machines for contract thrashing and operated a grain cleaning machine which could also grind the feed. This machine was powered by a tractor until REA brought in electricity. Walter was foreman on a road crew, helped sign up people for REA and secured right-of-way for the lines. When Walter became ill in 1924 the Doctors at the Veterans hospital ordered him to quit working. He didn't obey, but he did quit farming, moved to Ignacio and started a business. He operated Ignacio Motors, handling Massey-Farmington farm equipment until 1969. The Carlson 's had five children. Irene Augusta died in the flu epidemic at the age of 6 months in 1918. Emanuel farms the home place at Tiffany. John lives in Albuquerque. Anna May Carden lives in Ignacio and Emma Shock lives near Tiffany. "In the old days," the Carlsons say, "People had to depend on one another and help one another to survive. In the summer people would stagger the butchering and pass around the meat they could not use before it would spoil. People traded fruit and vegetables with their neighbors who had different varieties. No one had to harvest alone. People always helped one another. In winter the men cut ice together until all the ice houses were full. Anna was a midwife for years. She delivered babies of all ethnic groups. Walter served as undertaker when necessary. That's the way it was. We had to depend on one another and take care of one another. On July 25, 1977, the Carlson's will have been married 60 years. We wish to congratulate them on this anniversary and thank them for the part they contributed in building this community. July, 1977 -- SHELBY SMITH 28 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shelby Smith Interviews Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-NC/1.0/?language=en Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1973-1980 Subject The topic of the resource Ignacio; Southwest Colorado Description An account of the resource Collection of biographies, predominantly of residents from the Ignacio Senior Center, based on interviews conducted by Shelby Smith from approximately 1973 to 1980. The abridged interviews were originally published as individual entries in The Thoughtful Years newsletter, published by the Ignacio Senior Center, beginning in 1973. They were later published as a whole in Smith's book: Oral Histories of the Southern Pine River Valley, from which the original scans in this collection have been derived. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smith, Shelby Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Walter Carlson and Anna (Liese) Carlson Biography Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1977-07 Subject The topic of the resource Carlson, Walter; Carlson, Anna (Liese) Description An account of the resource Biography of Walter Carlson and Anna (Liese) Carlson based on an interview conducted by Shelby Smith in July, 1977. Included in the book "Oral Histories of the Southern Pine River Valley" by Shelby Smith. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Ignacio, Colorado; Southwest Colorado Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carlson, Walter; Carlson, Anna (Liese) Extent The size or duration of the resource. 4 pages Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smith, Shelby